Assembly language and machine code

                    / Hello World in Assembler for the DEC PDP-8
                    *200
                    hello,    cla cll
                    tls            / tls to set printer flag.
                    tad charac    / set up index register
                    dca ir1        / for getting characters.
                    tad m6        / set up counter for
                    dca count    / typing characters.
                    next,    tad i ir1    / get a character.
                    jms type    / type it.
                    isz count    / done yet?
                    jmp next    / no: type another.
                    hlt

                    type,    0            / type subroutine
                    tsf
                    jmp .-1
                    tls
                    cla
                    jmp i type
                    charac,    .            / used as initial value of ir1
                    310 / H
                    305 / E
                    314 / L
                    314 / L
                    317 / O
                    254 / ,
                    240 /
                    327 / W
                    317 / O
                    322 / R
                    314 / L
                    304 / D
                    241 / !
                    m6,        -15
                    count,    0
                    ir1 = 10
                    $
                    

This would print "HELLO WORLD"

Charles Csuri, Random War 1966

IBM 7094

Calcomp drum plotter model 565

and puchcards...

Admiral Grace Hopper

Inventor of the first high level language

The first compiler

                                 * Hello World in COBOLx
                    *****************************
                    IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
                    PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.
                    ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
                    DATA DIVISION.
                    PROCEDURE DIVISION.
                    MAIN SECTION.
                    DISPLAY "Hello World!"
                    STOP RUN.
                    ****************************
                    

Hopper assigned call names to a collection of programming routines stored on magnetic tape. One could then call desired routines and the computer would "find them on the tape", bring them over and execute it". This was the first compiler.

Early CRT Displays

(vector graphics)

John Whitney

                    /* Hello World in C, K&R-style */

                    main()
                    {
                      puts("Hello World!");
                      return 0;
                    }
                    

C language is a famous programming language due to its qualities. Some qualities are:

The C compiler combines the capabilities of an assembly language with the feature of high level language. It is very efficient

C is portable language; this means that C programs written for one computer system can be run on another system, with little or no modification.

C language has its ability to extend itself. A c program is basically a collection of functions that are supported by the C library. We can continuously add our own functions to the library with the availability of the large number of functions.

Commodore 64 1982

Hypercard 1987

Hypertalk

Lynn Hershman Leeson - Deep Contact(1984)

MAX

Laetita Sonami, Lady’s Glove (1991)

JULIA SCHER, Predictive Engineering 2(1998)

Director

Lingo

Invented by John Henry Thompson

Siebren Versteeg, Untitled Film II(2006)

The Early Web

Java 1995

Mark Napier - Net Flag(2002)

John F Simon Jr. - Unfolding Object(2001)

Javascript 1995 - Present

Javascript

Was created in 10 days in May 1995 by Brendan Eich at Netscape

Was named Javascript due the the popularity of Java at the time. A marketing move.

Java code needs to be compiled while JavaScript code is executed by the browser.

Flash and Actionscript

Flash and Actionscript

Josh On, theyrule.net(2001-2011)

Processing 2001 - Present

Casey Reas and Ben Fry

Casey Reas, Articulate(2003)

Arduino 2005 - Present

Markus Kayser: Solar-sintered Bowl. 2011

“The two most important introductions for art in the past 20 years have been the Arduino and Processing,”

- Paola Antonelli, senior curator in the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art.

The Modern Web 2005 - Present

Drawable Canvas Element

Scalable Vector Graphics

are nice

Because they scale

Viktor

On April 29, 2010, Steve Jobs published an open letter called "Thoughts on Flash" explaining why Apple would not allow Flash on the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad.




He cited the desire to avoid "a third party layer of software coming between the platform and the developer".

Networked Version Control

Open Frameworks 2005 - Present

Zachary Lieberman

Rafael Lozano-Hemmer - Level of Confidence(2015)